Alkalinity
•What is
alkalinity?
Amount of acid (H+)
needed to lower the pH to 4.2 (carbonate equivalency point)
•What ions contribute to
alkalinity?
TA = [HCO3-]
+ 2[CO3--] + [B(OH)4-] + [OH-]
+ [Si(OH)3O-] + [MgOH+] + [HPO4--]
+ 2[PO4--] – [H+]