The white dust is calcium carbonate that precipitated out of the water because it got too concentrated. Your alk, pH, and calcium are all good, so it probably already fixed itself and so there's no need for a water change. The clean up crew will eventually clean up all the dust.
That happened to me last year, only it was from overdosing B-Ionic. My cloudy water lasted a couple weeks, so already things are going better for you.
-Tom